1. Like the photogram they were highly valued because of the absolute impersonality achieved in the tonal rendering through some mechanistic agency.

2. They even went beyond the photogram which, though made without the camera, still depended on a degree of photographic manipulation.

3. A method for density slicing of a photogram and iso-density maping by using the BC002 facsimiler is described.

4. Photogram: Print made by the exposure of an object directly on photographic paper.

5. By using this method, the segments for a photogram processed in later stage and the errors due to overmany links are reduced.

6. She undertook the first serious application of photography to science by making photograms of her extensive collection of algae.