1. In most cases, nocturnal singing, such as your whitethroat indulged in, also comes about through human interference.

2. A raven flaps aimlessly across the scene, and white-throated swifts swoop past in violent arcs.

3. At first it was too dark to make out the small animal, but eventually I made out two white-throated sparrows.

4. This is bad news for birds like the Whitethroat, a common farmland bird.

5. A willow warbler is similar to the greater whitethroat but smaller.

6. Old World warbler similar to the greater whitethroat but smaller.

7. Interestingly, a Lesser Whitethroat was found in Hong Kong on almost the same date as ours, suggesting some kind of eastward movement of this species last winter.

8. This is bad news for birds like the Whitethroat, a common farmland bird. The added distance is a considerable threat.

9. Species which tend to avoid cities include pied flycathers, reed bunting and whitethroat.