1, The reaction can be catalyzed by protonic Acid.

2, They believe that the charge carrier is protonic.

3, The formation of protonic point defects need hydrogen (protons) jumping and its activation energy is higher than that for the self-diffusion of water molecules.

4, Crosslinkable aromatic resin having protonic acid group, and ion conductive polymer membrane, binder and fuel cell using the resin.

5, These materials were divided into two types:oxide-ionic conductor and protonic conductor, their mechanism of ionic conduction and research progress are reviewed in this paper.

6, Many features are becoming clearer thanks to years of experiments and calculations, but physicists still have not completely accounted for protonic spin.