1. Transmission is by contaminated food, water, fomites, and occasionally aerosolization of secretions.

2. Indirectly through inanimate fomites (objects). Examples are staphylococcal infection, streptococcal infection, colds, hospital-acquired wound infections through use of improperly sterilized items.

3. Giardia lamblia cysts have been spread via contaminated water and fomites. Treatment requires the use of metronidazole or quinacrine. This treatment has been very successful.

4. Although the isolation rate is low, this research does show that the conidia-containing instruments in hair salons could serve as fomites in the transmission of tinea capitis.

5. However, it may be spread from person to person by fomites and contaminated water.