(1) Protonema ( pl . protonemata ) The young bryophyte gametophyte that develops following spore germination.

(2) The process and protonema growth to development of the gametophyte are illustrated and taken microphotographs.

(3) The production of massive protonema immediately follows and then caulonema, chloronema and secondary rhizoides.

(4) The techniques about carpospore collection, cultivation of protonema, regulation of illumination, measure of induced mature were reported in the paper.

(5) This paper covers spore germination and protonema development of 4 species of mosses from Mt.

(6) Pipelike thallus was formed by vertical-division of the middle protonema cells, and top-cell kept horizontal-division.

(7) Take high quality homemade or import PAN (Polypropylene Nitrile) protonema ( milk-white ) Oxygenation disposes it into black bright long silk by the new type of beforehand oxygenation stove.