1. It is called static risk or pure risk.

2. A pure risk has no chance of gain: there is only a chance of loss.

3. We would play the pure risk indicators through the next few weeks like EUR/CHF, AUD/JPY, and NZD/SGD.

4. This paper defines the pure risk as a kind of probable loss in the portfolio investment.

5. So-called pure risk, be show the loss is only potential and do not have gain profit the uncertainty of the opportunity.

6. On the tip of this revolution, there is non-life insurance company that treats pure risk management as a core business.

7. It also provides the absolute negative deviation measure and the semi-variance measure of the pure risk and sets up the multiobjective decision-making models of the portfolio investment.