1. Acute hypercarbia aggravates existing cerebral edema because it causes cerebral vasodilatation and increased cerebral blood flow.

2. Objective To investigate the causes of hypercarbia after urologic laparoscopic surgery and the preventive and therapeutic strategy.

3. There is less heart rate responsiveness in response to hypotension. 3 Ventilatory responses to hypoxia and hypercarbia are reduced, with greater risks for apnea.

4. Stimulation of the autonomic nervous system can occur owing to hypoxia or hypercarbia from depressed ventilation.

5. Conventional ventilators have their limitations in management of certain conditions such as protracted hypercarbia in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).