1) Results The best device configuration consisted of a parasternal electrode and a left lateral thoracic pulse generator.

2) Left ventricular ejection fraction(EF) and fractional shortening(FS) were measured on the M-mode echocardiogram at parasternal long axis view.

3) Objective The access approaches for the open heart surgery include:full middle sternal approach, parasternal approach, anterolateral thoracotomy and some others.

4) Its stereoscopic shape was observed in long views, the apical and parasternal four chamber views of left ventriculum and its regurgitant extent were estimated.

5) Methods 36 cases of mediastinal neoplasms were conducted excision of parasternal and vertebral column microtubule cut.