1. Fixed resistor used more in the electronic field.

2. By checking the voltage change between the fixed resistor and the sensing blub over a set time period, the programmer writes an instruction set that can run the DTC subroutine.

3. Fixed resistor load and on-site welding are studied respectively, the feasibility of fuzzy adaptive PID algorithm is verified by the steady state and transient's study.

4. Resistance measurement by use of fixed resistor temporarily inserted through the sensor bore.

5. And fixed resistor has RT-carbon film, RJ-Metal Film, RX-Wirewound resistors.