(1) But China does not admit "action in rem", so "ship" itself cannot be held liable as the tortfeasor for the tortuous act arising from a collision.

(2) Action in rem first founded in Roman, but it survived only in England, and thrived in its maritime procedure.

(3) Discussing the procedural, the paper introduces the action in rem and the arrest of ship.

(4) Action in rem was first founded in Roman, but it survived only in England, and thrived in its maritime procedure.

(5) In Middle Ages, arrest of ships has already appeared in Europe, then it was seen as Property Protection Action in Civil Law System, but it developed into Action in Rem in Common Law System.

(6) There is a special theory and practice of jurisdiction in maritime action, such as distress jurisdiction, action in rem, etc.

(7) At last, even if the B/L fraud had happened, we still can not give up. Accuser can action in rem, action in personam or apply for stop-payment order for lessening losses .