1 The measurement system consisted of detector, nuclear electronic apparatus, pulsed sequence acquisition and analysis software was tested and calibrated by californium source.

2 To create a mere three atoms of element 118, the scientists spent two months bombarding the californium target with 30 billion billion calcium ions.

3 No more will the creators of a new element be able to name it after a famous scientist( lawrencium), city( berkelium ), or sate( californium).

4 The first samples were made through a nuclear reaction involving fusion of an isotope of californium , 249 Cf , with one of oxygen, 18 O.

5 The Dubna laboratory is one of the few in the world able to handle radioactive heavy elements such as californium .