1) However, it is worth emphasizing here that at least four costs have been proposed for inbreeding, and at least seven for outbreeding.

2) In outbred populations, selection acts on new mutations mainly through their heterozygous effects.

3) The way to reproduce an outbred ancestor is to mate two individuals that mimic the appearance and pedigree of the ancestor's parents.

4) The breeding system adopted depends on the number of animals required and whether they are of an inbred or outbred strain.

5) For utilization of the mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells for various purposes, it is desirable that the cell lines are established from various sources such as inbred and outbred mouse strains.

6) Many excellent miniature pig breeds exist in China. Miniature pig breeds or resources in China belong to resource breed, outbred colony or inbred strain.

7) This paper deals with the susceptibility of 8 inbred and 1 outbred mouse strains infected with L. donovani.

8) It is not unusual to produce an excellent quality dog from an outbred litter.