1. Conclusion The compression of optic nerves and optic chiasma is responsible for different types of visual field defects caused by saddle area tumors.

2. The small branches seen anteriorly to optic chiasma in the chiasmatic cistern were almost always the branches of superior hypophyseal artery.

3. Conclusion The cause of lost vision was accidental injury of the optic nerve or the optic chiasma during...

4. Objective To provide morphological evidences for visual field defects caused by the compression of optic nerves and optic chiasma by saddle area tumors.

5. The axons from the nasal half cross the brain at the optic chiasma to join with axons from the temporal half of the other eye before passing into the lateral geniculate body.

6. Results Orbit tumor of a 21 year old young lady extends the encephalic and endangers the olfactory nerve and optic chiasma, even cause olfaction and visual acuity to be declined.

7. Through the endoscope-assisted subtemporal keyhole approach, scopes between the optic chiasma and the ventral brain stem, from the mamillary body to the middle-inferior clivus can be well managed.