1. The variation and distribution of polynya and Circumpolar Flaw Lead might effect the beginning time of sea ice melting of the whole passage in great extent.

2. Annual development of the Great Siberian polynya influences spawning and growth rates of polar cod, the key prey species of the High Arctic ecosystem.

3. Modeling water mass formation in the Mertz Glacier Polynya and Ad é lie Depression, East Antarctica.

4. The higher productivity was located on the coastal bay and the polynya of the continental shelf.

5. The glacier tongue had previously contributed to keeping a section of the ocean free of ice, a condition known as a polynya.

6. For fully understanding the initiation and maintenance of Weddell Polynya, the atmosphere-sea ice-ocean interaction in large scale should be considered.

7. The Bering Strait, the Chukchi Beaufort Coast, the Barents Sea coast and the Great Siberian Polynya are among the most vulnerable places.

8. The shorter tongue may not protect the area from sea ice, reducing or even eliminating the polynya and the access to food it provided.