1. All these have a high association with dysraphism.

2. Patients in Group 2 showed no neural spinal dysraphism and were asymptomatic until they developed subtle neurological symptoms in adulthood.

3. The opened spinal dysraphism reported in this series included 5 cases of posterior meningocele, 12lipomyelomeningocele and 2 myelocystocele.

3.

4. Another diagnosis to consider is a closed spinal dysraphism, where the vertebral arches are not fused well, but there is no vertebral column agenesis.

5. Objective:To assess the ultrasonic diagnosis of lumbosacral spinal dysraphism(LSD)with tethered spinal cord(TSC)syndrome and to evaluate the ultrasonography value in postoperative follow up.

6. The diagnosis of primary disease were spinal dysraphism (8 cases) and spinal injury (2 cases).

7. Conclusion:Each type of spinal dysraphism had its corresponding MRI features, MRI could diagnosis most of them precisely.

8. Conclusion MRI is the most effective modality for diagnosing occult spinal dysraphism in children nowadays. However, MRI has some limitations.

9. This investigation presents a retrospective study of occult spinal dysraphism ( OSD ) in 40 patients.

10. Objective To investigate the method of surgery to prevent dysraphism after the upper eyelid anaplasty and rectify the lower eyelid retraction and ectropion palpebrarum in older patients.

11. Objective To study the clinical symptoms of occult spinal dysraphism and MRI appearances, and improve the knowledge of this disease.

12. Objective To study the clinical manifestations of occult spinal dysraphism and to evaluate MRI in its diagnosis.