1 Expiatory punishment is arbitrary in character because it does not bear any relationship to the offense.

2 Younger children favor expiatory punishment; older children favor punishment by reciprocity.

3 Expiatory punishment is strong punishment administered to children by parents or other adult authorities for breaking rules.

4 He offered expiatory sacrifices on behalf of his children, in case they sinned against God.

5 In addition, concrete operational children increasingly come to regard punishment by reciprocity as more appropriate than expiatory punishment.

6 In accordance with it, morality and moral education have experienced the change from the expiatory moral education, rational moral education to life-centered moral education.

7 There are poems relating to sins and their atonement, errors in performing rituals and their expiatory acts, political and philosophical issues, and a wonderful hymn to Prithvi or Mother Earth.