1. Farmers had purchased land at quite unrealistic prices at the time of the reform and were not burdened with long-term borrowing.

2. However, in China the net of long-term borrowings from overseas branches are treated as current liability, thus reducing the liquidity ratio although no immediate demand for repayment is given.

3. Remove the net of long-term borrowings from overseas branches from the current liabilities, to compare assets and liabilities with the same tenor.

4. The net of long-term borrowings financed from overseas branches are treated as current liabilities.

5. It excludes flows produced by long-term borrowings or investment, which are counted in the capital account.

6. Olympus's long-term borrowings have swelled to 527 billion yen in the past five years, when former Chairman Tsuyoshi Kikukawa made acquisitions including the $2.1 billion takeover of Gyrus Group Plc.

7. The total debt figure is comprised of short- and long-term borrowings as well as collateralized financings.

8. The borrowings are classified as short-term borrowings if they need to be repaid within 12 months (12 months included) of the balance sheet date, and the others are classified as long-term borrowings.

9. In the absence of large retail customer deposits, foreign banks rely on overseas intra-group funding, including long-term borrowings.