1. Five generation of polyamide dendrimers with peripheral fluorophore are synthesized and characterized by IR, UV, etc.

2. Therefore, the possibility to detect the thiophosphorylated and fluorophore labeled peptide during high performance liquid chromatography peptide mapping was primarily shown.

3. A fluorophore was attached to the inner surfaces of the nano test tubes.

4. Novel 4-amino-l, 8-dicyanonaphthalene (ADCN) fluorophore had been designed, and its fluorescent derivatives had been synthesized via two general procedures.

5. Collision of an oxygen molecule with a fluorophore in its excited state leads to a non-radiative transfer of energy.

6. In part three, using spin-labelled fluorophore as a probe for the study of biomolecule damage was discussed.

7. Fluorescence lifetime is dependent on the microenvironment of the fluorophore and its measurement and imaging can provide functional information about the sample.

8. White and colleagues, headed by MIT associate professor of chemistry Alice Ting, first engineered a fluorophore ligase derived from the natural Escherichia coli enzyme lipoic acid ligase (LplA).