1. Spermiogenesis of sperm head in soft-shelled turtle, Trionyx sinensis, was examined by transmission electron-microscopy.

2. The locomotory apparatus that emerges during the spermiogenesis consists of the multilayered structure (MLS), basal bodies, flagella and accessory structures.

3. Spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis are a series of highly ordered process of molecular and cellular events, regulated by many kinds of proteins.

4. The expression of sperm-specific genes is necessary in spermiogenesis , and the genetic polymorphism of these genes may impair spermatogenesis, leading to male infertility.

5. It is unknown about category and character of nuclear basic proteins displacement in spermiogenesis.

6. Conclusion It has great significance of nucleus and cell organelle as taxonomic character of Squamate lizard in the ultrastructure of spermiogenesis of Takydromus septentrionalis.

7. Transcription in mammalian spermatogenesis is highly active until mid-stage of spermiogenesis when it suddenly ceases.

8. The outcome indicates that the inhibitive reproduction of Tripterygium wilfordii in the male mice is associated with the abnormal expression of spermiogenesis genes.

9. Mammalian Spermatogenesis is a unique cell differentiation process and can be divided into three stages: mitosis, meiosis, and spermiogenesis .

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10. The ultrastructure of the Golgi apparatus in rat spermatids was analyzed at the 19steps of spermiogenesis.

11. Transcription in mammalian spermatogenesis is highly active until mid - stage of spermiogenesis when It'suddenly ceases.

12. These results may provide valuable biological information for investigating spermiogenesis in the silkworm.

13. The normal expression of proto-oncogenes plays an important role in the regulation of spermatogonial mitosis , spermatocyte meiosis as well as spermiogenesis and sperm maturation.