1. Some goods can give private and external benefits.

2. Additional output of goods which yield external benefits can be obtained by giving subsidies to private sector firms for producing them.

3. For instance volunteer groups create external benefits by improving the appearance of the environment, through best-kept village competitions or reclaiming old canals.

4. Those provisions covered in-house benefits as well as external benefits.

5. Such benefits and costs are called spillover or external benefits and costs.

6. In the case of external benefits this does not normally raise any major problems because such cost is an isolated expenditure.

7. These external benefits are enjoyed by all and so are non-rivalrous.

8. External benefits: are benefits that accrue to people other than the buyer of a good.

9. In my view, however, the greatest external benefits of the Fed's supervisory activities are those related to the institution's role in preventing and managing financial crises.

10. Goods which are completely rivalrous, by definition, can not yield external benefits.

11. Urban mass transit projects turn to value capture measures to internalize external benefits in order to lighten the burden of financing in some developed regions.

12. Being with the beloved should have its own value unrelated to external benefits, such as getting richer, increasing one's status or having frequent orgasms.