1 Aerobic, anaerobic, and microaerophilic cultures were performed for bile and gallbladder mucosa.

2 Aerobic, anaerobic, microaerophilic cultures were performed for bile and gallbladder mucosa.

3 Microaerophilic streptococci were present in 37 % of culture - positie cases and other anaerobes in 10 %.

4 They are anaerobic or microaerophilic, and are often found in hot springs or stagnant water.

5 Microaerophilic streptococci in % of culture - positie cases and other anaerobes in 10 %.

6 Helicobacter pylori is a spiral Gram's negative bacterium, living in microaerophilic environment.