1. It has long been known that pernicious anaemia predisposes to development of gastric adenocarcinoma.

2. The need for gastroscopic follow up of pernicious anaemia patients is therefore still debated.

3. These patients had been treated earlier for pernicious anaemia in the same hospital between 1972 and 1985.

4. More recent findings indicate that hypergastrinaemia associated with pernicious anaemia leads to hyperplasia of fundic endocrine cells.

5. In association with endocrine cell hyperplasia, gastric carcinoid tumours have been observed in 1-7% of pernicious anaemia patients screened by gastroscopy.

6. In addition, Roycayrol and Cattan studied fundic biopsy specimens of 18 totally achlorhydric patients, 12 of whom had pernicious anaemia.

7. Regular gastroscopy, if this could be achieved, would benefit pernicious anaemia patients.

8. In this study we evaluated the findings of follow up gastroscopies performed three years after primary gastroscopic screening of pernicious anaemia patients.

9. However, most authors agree that it is impractical and expensive to follow up all pernicious anaemia patients.

10. These patients were characterised by an early onset and long duration of pernicious anaemia.

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11. Vitamin B 12 is often injected into patients with pernicious anaemia.

12. Vitamin B tablets are popular among vegans, because they shun some of the foods in which vitamin B is found – fish, meat and milk – and among sufferers of pernicious anaemia.

13. If the red blood cells are pale, it can be a sign of iron deficiency anaemia. If they have a strange shape, it may be because of sickle cell anaemia or pernicious anaemia.