1. The VC representative and full closed chain of the graph are defined.

2. In the end, the presented algorithm is validated by an example of 3D geometric closed chain constraint system.

3. VC algorithm to obtain the vertex covering of a graph is presented. The VC representative and full closed chain of the graph are defined.

4. It is found that if the initial 1D crystal lattice has a regularly zigzagged change in bond length, the convergence precision is much greater for a closed chain than for an open chain.

5. Article 2 and Article 111 of the Constitution consists of a two-side closed chain which not only transforms rights into power but exercises all power to improve and protect the performance of rights.

6. The structure types and characteristics of 6 degree of freedom closed chain manipulators with all the actuators on the base are systematically studied in this paper.

7. A new solution for inverse kinematics equation of 6 DOF robotic manipulator with local closed chain is presented.

8. Six ? wheel lunar rover is a complicated multi ? route closed chain system, in the view of kinematics.

8. Wish you will love and make progress everyday!

9. In the end, the presented algorithm is validated by an example of closed chain constraint system.

10. After that, topological symmetry between joints in planar open and closed chain is discussed, and the method for identifying topological symmetry, and its application to type synthesis is studied.