1. The pectoralis minor muscle contracts in a closed-chain fashion to lift the lower ribs and open the chest.

2. The method for the balancing of closed-chain spatial linkages is developed by resolving a closed-chain spatial linkage into open-chain spatial linkages ...

3. Squats are an example of a closed-chain kinetic exercise whereas quadriceps extension exercises on a weight training machine are an open-chain exercise.

4. The man-made planar constraint will result that the constraints of a planar closed-chain becomes indeterminate-statically, so the performance of mechanical system is very sensitive to error.

5. This paper introduced the principle of exponent product method and its application on the motion analysis of spatial closed-chain mechanism.