1 Pneumomediastinum may cause caval obstruction.

2 Conclusion Pneumomediastinum or pneumothorax is mainly caused by the intrapulmonary hyper - pressure and fracture of pulmonary bubbles.

3 Methods 64 cases with non thoracotraumatic pneumomediastinum were analysed retrospectively.

4 Spontaneous pneumomediastinum in a term baby without birth injury is rare.

5 AimTo summarize the experience of surgical treatment of pneumomediastinum and to analyse its etiopathology.

6 Spontaneous pneumomediastinum is an uncommon and underdiagnosed disease defined as a nontraumatic presence of free air in the mediastinum.

7 Most cases with pneumomediastinum are associated with prematurity, pneumonia, meconium aspiration syndrome, difficult delivery or mechanical ventilation.

8 HSCT recipients are prone to appearing pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum, subcutaneous emphysema.

9 Although many articles mentioned the life threatening complications of malignant pneumomediastinum and mediastinitis , but in fact, there rarely occurred such outcomes.

10 The use of a high-speed dental drill may introduce air into the soft tissue and lead to subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum.

11 Objective To summarize the experience of surgical treatment of non thoracotraumatic pneumomediastinum and to analyse it's etiopathology.

12 After a review of the literature,[] we found that subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum are rare complications secondary to dental extraction.

13 Objective To discuss the etiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of pneumomediastinum or pneumothorax during the removal of bronchial foreign bodies in children.

14 Methods The clinical data of 55 cases of blunt traumatic pneumomediastinum were retrospectively analyzed from Feb. 1991 to Dec. 2004.