1. Objective:To recognize, count and isolate pacemaking(P) cells from the central region of rat SAN in study of pacemaking mechanism.

2. Conclusion:Gastrointestinal pacemaking can relieve symptoms and improve the average frequency of EGG in patients with gastric dynamic disorders.

3. Observation in vivo showed that pacemaking in SA node and conducting in AV node area were inhibited.

4. It is likely that these cells have also the pacemaking function. So this therefore become the morphological bases of atrial fibrillation.

5. Cardiomyocytes in the Sinoatrial Node This image shows a section of the sinoatrial node, a pacemaking area of the right atrium of the heart.